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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations
07:45

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Published on: September 28, 2018

Interstitial volume modulates the conduction velocity-gap junction relationship.

Rengasayee Veeraraghavan1, Mohamed E Salama, Steven Poelzing

  • 1Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112-5000, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interstitial volume significantly impacts cardiac conduction velocity and arrhythmia risk. Changes in this volume alter how the heart conducts electricity, influencing susceptibility to arrhythmias, especially in diseases affecting gap junctions.

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Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice
08:15

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Cardiac conduction velocity (θ) is crucial for preventing arrhythmias.
  • The relationship between gap junction (G(j)) uncoupling and θ is debated.
  • Interstitial volume (V(IS)) is a potential, unexplored modulator of cardiac electrophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that interstitial volume modulates cardiac conduction velocity and its dependence on gap junction coupling.
  • To explore the role of interstitial volume in cardiac arrhythmia susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Histological quantification of interstitial volume (V(IS)) in guinea pig right ventricle.
  • Optical mapping to measure conduction velocity (θ) and anisotropy (AR(θ)).
  • Pharmacological manipulation of V(IS) using albumin and mannitol, and assessment of G(j) uncoupling with carbenoxolone (CBX).

Main Results:

  • Decreased V(IS) (albumin) increased transverse θ and decreased AR(θ).
  • Increased V(IS) (mannitol) decreased transverse θ, increased AR(θ), and was associated with ventricular tachycardias.
  • Carbenoxolone slowed transverse θ during mannitol-induced edema, indicating an altered θ-G(j) relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Interstitial volume significantly modulates cardiac conduction velocity, anisotropy, and the impact of gap junction uncoupling.
  • Changes in interstitial volume may be a key factor underlying arrhythmia susceptibility in various cardiac conditions.
  • Targeting interstitial volume could offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing cardiac arrhythmias.