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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

Predicting Native English-Like Performance by Native Japanese Speakers.

Erin M Ingvalson1, James L McClelland, Lori L Holt

  • 1Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA.

Journal of Phonetics
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Native Japanese speakers learning English improve accent and intelligibility with longer North American residency. However, reliance on the F3 cue for distinguishing /ɹ/ and /l/ sounds does not change, suggesting adaptation through other phonetic cues.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Second Language Acquisition
  • Phonetics

Background:

  • The Speech Learning Model (SLM) posits that learning new phonetic categories depends on factors like exposure and age of arrival.
  • Native Japanese (NJ) speakers often struggle with English /ɹ/ and /l/ sounds, which are phonemically distinct in English but not in Japanese.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the SLM's predictions regarding NJ speakers' perception and production of English /ɹ/ and /l/.
  • To investigate how factors like residency length, age of arrival, and language use influence accent, intelligibility, and phonetic cue reliance.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed NJ speakers' foreign accent, intelligibility of /ɹ -l/ productions, and perception of natural speech /ɹ -l/.
  • Correlated these measures with length of residency, age of arrival, student status, and Japanese language use.
  • Examined reliance on the F3 onset cue for distinguishing /ɹ -l/ in perception and production.

Main Results:

  • Longer residency in North America correlated with more native-like English accents and improved intelligibility.
  • Increased residency also led to more accurate perception of natural English /ɹ -l/.
  • No significant change was observed in NJ speakers' reliance on the F3 onset cue, despite performance improvements.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports the SLM's predictions regarding improved phonetic performance with increased exposure.
  • Adaptation in distinguishing English /ɹ/ and /l/ appears to occur through mechanisms other than increased reliance on the F3 onset cue.
  • Learners may develop native-like proficiency by utilizing alternative phonetic cues or perceptual strategies.