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Related Concept Videos

Regional Terms01:12

Regional Terms

Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four quadrants...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
07:12

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

Complex regional pain syndrome.

Sandeep J Sebastin1

  • 1Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Health System, Singapore.

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic neurological disorder causing severe limb pain and dysfunction. This review details CRPS diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatments, aiding clinical understanding and patient care.

Keywords:
CausalgiaSudeck atrophycomplex regional pain syndromehand surgeryreflex sympathetic dystrophysuperficial radial nerve

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Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats
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Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats
08:23

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Published on: March 13, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Post-surgical Complications

Background:

  • Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy, is a chronic neurological disorder affecting limbs.
  • It manifests as severe pain, swelling, vasomotor and sudomotor abnormalities, and motor function impairment.
  • CRPS frequently complicates post-operative care, particularly after hand surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive synopsis of CRPS.
  • To discuss current diagnostic criteria and methods for CRPS.
  • To review the pathophysiology and available treatment options for CRPS based on existing literature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on CRPS.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including recent modifications.
  • Synthesis of information on pathophysiology and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • CRPS diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and supportive findings, as no specific test exists.
  • Modified diagnostic criteria improve diagnostic consistency.
  • Evidence for specific treatments remains limited, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

  • CRPS is a significant post-surgical complication requiring consistent diagnostic approaches.
  • Understanding CRPS pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.
  • Further research is needed to establish evidence-based treatment guidelines for CRPS.