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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-sensitive FISH Detection of Locus-specific Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster
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Very few RNA and DNA sequence differences in the human transcriptome.

Daniel R Schrider1, Jean-Francois Gout, Matthew W Hahn

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America. dschride@indiana.edu

Plos One
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA editing, a process altering RNA nucleotides, was re-examined. Most observed RNA-DNA differences are likely due to accurate transcription of similar DNA sequences, not unknown editing mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • RNA editing modifies RNA transcripts, differing them from DNA.
  • Previously, RNA editing was thought to be rare, occurring at few genetic loci.
  • Recent studies suggested widespread RNA editing, challenging this view.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the frequency of RNA editing in humans.
  • To investigate the cause of numerous observed RNA-DNA differences (RDDs).
  • To determine if unknown RNA editing mechanisms are active in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of human RNA and DNA sequence data from 27 individuals.
  • Comparison of identified RNA-DNA differences with genomic sequences.
  • Investigation of paralogous sequences as a potential source of RDDs.

Main Results:

  • Genomic sequences matching the majority of observed RDDs were identified.
  • Most RDDs are attributed to the accurate transcription of paralogous genes.
  • Known RNA editing mechanisms (ADAR, APOBEC1) do not explain most RDDs.

Conclusions:

  • The high number of previously reported RDDs is likely an artifact of paralogous gene transcription.
  • If unknown RNA editing mechanisms exist, their frequency is much lower than initially proposed.
  • This study refines our understanding of RNA editing and its prevalence in the human genome.