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A review of candidate urinary biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder
Lv Wang1, Manya T Angley, Jacobus P Gerber
1Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide.
Context:
Autism is a complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with a strong genetic component potentially impacted by various environmental factors influencing susceptibility. There are no reliable laboratory tests available to confirm an autism diagnosis.
Objective:
To examine the published literature and identify putative urinary biomarkers of autism.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic bibliographic databases.
Results:
Putative autism biomarkers were identified that could be categorized according to the key theories that exist regarding the etiology of autism: gastrointestinal factors, immune dysregulation, heavy metal toxicity, neurotransmitter abnormalities, and oxidative stress.
Conclusion:
There is scope for specific urinary biomarkers to be useful for identification of autistic metabolic phenotypes.
