Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells, including...
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

FROM DISCOVERY SCIENCE TO THE CLINIC - HERITABLE ENDOCRINE CANCERS AND RELATED DISORDERS: Functional imaging in hereditary endocrine neoplasms: evolving modalities and clinical implications.

Endocrine-related cancer·2026
Same author

The Association Between Frailty and the Acute Management of Symptomatic Gallstone Disease in Older Adults.

ANZ journal of surgery·2025
Same author

ASO Author Reflections: Toward Better Outcomes in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Evaluating Adjuvant Radiotherapy, Treatment-related Morbidity, and Future Therapeutic Directions.

Annals of surgical oncology·2025
Same author

Real-world lenvatinib use in metastatic thyroid cancer: early dose intensity and side effect profile in an Australian centre.

Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)·2025
Same author

The utility of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT in predicting the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer.

Thyroid research·2025
Same author

Validation of a Lenvatinib Assay: A Pilot Study.

Endocrine research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body
06:02

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

Published on: August 4, 2022

Evolution of the "autophagamiR".

Justin S Gundara1, Bruce G Robinson, Stan B Sidhu

  • 1Cancer Genetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Autophagy
|October 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRs) show promise as diagnostic and prognostic markers in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Specific miRs (183, 375, 9*) correlate with MTC subtypes and clinical outcomes, potentially impacting treatment strategies.

More Related Videos

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
09:00

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body
06:02

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

Published on: August 4, 2022

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
09:00

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are critical regulators of gene expression with emerging roles in cancer diagnostics and prognostics.
  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor of the thyroid, and its molecular markers are not fully elucidated.
  • Understanding miR profiles in MTC can provide insights into tumor behavior and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the role and significance of microRNAs (miRs) in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).
  • To investigate the differential expression of miRs in sporadic MTC (SMTC) versus hereditary MTC (HMTC).
  • To correlate miR expression with clinical outcomes, including metastasis and mortality in MTC patients.

Main Methods:

  • MicroRNA microarray profiling of 19 primary MTC tumors.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validation in 45 MTC cases.
  • Correlation analysis of miR expression with clinical data and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Differential expression of miR-183, miR-375 (overexpressed), and miR-9* (underexpressed) between SMTC and HMTC.
  • Overexpression of miR-183 and miR-375 significantly predicted lateral nodal metastases, residual disease, distant metastases, and mortality.
  • In vitro knockdown of miR-183 in MTC cells reduced proliferation and increased autophagic flux, indicated by LC3B expression.

Conclusions:

  • Specific microRNAs (miRs) are dysregulated in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • miR-183 and miR-375 overexpression are associated with aggressive MTC phenotypes and poorer clinical outcomes.
  • MicroRNAs, particularly miR-183, may influence MTC progression through autophagy, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues.