Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic01:21

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response relationships...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models01:17

Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models

Clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter traditionally defined by compartment models, signifying the rate at which a drug is expelled from the body. However, a noncompartmental model offers an alternative method for assessing clearance, primarily employing empirical data obtained after administering a single drug dose.
The noncompartmental approach capitalizes on extensive sampling data, correlating the volume of distribution to systemic exposure and the administered dosage. This method enables...
Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different reasons...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trends in Sexual Activity, Condom Use, and Use of Pregnancy Prevention Methods Among Female Adolescents: United States, 2007-2023.

American journal of public health·2026
Same author

Indirect state-level estimation of sexual minority adolescent populations by sex, age, and race/ethnicity using random forests.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Preventive service use among Medicaid expansion adults, 2014-2019.

Health affairs scholar·2026
Same author

Differences in tuberculosis prevalence by sex in low- and middle-income countries over 1993-2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PLoS medicine·2026
Same author

Migration-linked TB epidemics: How TB elimination in high-income countries depends on the success of TB control in high-burden settings.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Clarification of PSA methods and corrected CEAC for universal HDV testing among adults with chronic HBV.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Non-monotonicity in the episodic random utility model.

Nicolas A Menzies1, Joshua A Salomon

  • 1Center for Health Decision Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. nmenzies@fas.harvard.edu

Health Economics
|October 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The episodic random utility model (eRUM) for health valuation violates monotonicity, potentially leading to flawed economic decisions. This study found significant violations in population-based survey data, challenging its use in health measurement.

More Related Videos

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Biostatistics
  • Population Health Measurement

Background:

  • Time trade-off (TTO) is a standard method for estimating health-state valuations in population surveys.
  • Negative valuations, particularly 'worse-than-dead' responses, pose analytical challenges, leading to proposed transformations.
  • The episodic random utility model (eRUM) was introduced as a theoretically appealing alternative for health valuation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the mathematical properties of the episodic random utility model (eRUM) estimator.
  • To investigate the impact of eRUM's potential violations of monotonicity on health-state valuations.
  • To assess the practical implications of eRUM's limitations using real-world survey data.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical analysis of the eRUM estimator's properties, focusing on monotonicity.
  • Re-analysis of a large population-based EQ-5D valuation survey dataset from the United Kingdom.
  • Identification and quantification of response patterns violating the monotonicity principle within the eRUM framework.

Main Results:

  • The eRUM estimator was found to violate monotonicity under specific response patterns.
  • Such violations imply that improvements in individual valuations could paradoxically decrease overall health-state valuation.
  • In UK EQ-5D data, 27% of TTO responses (63% of worse-than-dead responses) violated monotonicity; 74% of respondents had at least one violation.

Conclusions:

  • The eRUM estimator's violation of monotonicity presents significant challenges for its application in health valuation.
  • Decision-making based on eRUM valuations may lead to the selection of suboptimal or strictly dominated strategies.
  • The findings question the reliability of eRUM for population health measurement and economic evaluation, necessitating cautious use.