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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Differences in Urinary Stone Composition according to Body Habitus.

Ji Yun Jeong1, Seung Whan Doo, Won Jae Yang

  • 1Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Journal of Urology
|October 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is linked to a higher risk of developing uric acid (UA) and calcium oxalate (CO) stones. This contrasts with the occurrence of mixed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (COP) and calcium phosphate (CP) stones.

Keywords:
Body mass indexObesityUrinary calculi

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Urinary stone disease is a common condition with diverse stone compositions.
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) is an increasingly recognized factor influencing metabolic processes and stone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the composition of urinary stones.
  • To identify specific stone types associated with varying BMI categories, particularly obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 505 ureteral or renal stones collected from 2007 to 2010.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, BMI, urinary pH, and stone composition.
  • Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between obesity and stone types, excluding struvite stones due to low prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Obesity showed a significant association with uric acid (UA) stones compared to mixed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (COP) and calcium phosphate (CP) stones (OR 3.488 and 2.765, respectively).
  • Obesity was also associated with calcium oxalate (CO) stones compared to COP and CP stones (OR 2.682 and 2.126, respectively).
  • Calcium oxalate (CO), mixed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (COP), and calcium phosphate (CP) stones were the most prevalent types identified.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is a significant risk factor associated with the formation of uric acid (UA) and calcium oxalate (CO) stones.
  • These findings suggest that BMI, particularly obesity, plays a role in determining the specific mineral composition of urinary calculi.