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Epidemiology and risk factors of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus
1Krankenhaus München-Schwabing, Germany.
Insights
Diabetic patients face significantly higher cardiovascular mortality due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Traditional risk factors don't fully explain this increased risk, suggesting other contributing factors in diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Diabetology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death in diabetic patients.
- Diabetes mellitus accelerates atherosclerosis, leading to severe complications like heart attack, stroke, and gangrene.
- Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients have a 3-4 fold higher CVD mortality rate compared to non-diabetics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the reasons behind the elevated cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients.
- To explore hypotheses beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors that contribute to CVD in diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature and studies on diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- Analysis of factors contributing to accelerated atherogenesis in diabetic populations.
- Comparison of cardiovascular mortality rates between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
Main Results:
- Diabetes accelerates the process of atherosclerosis across all types.
- Excess cardiovascular risk in diabetics cannot be solely attributed to traditional factors like hypertension or dyslipidemia.
- Potential contributing factors include blood pressure elevation, lipid abnormalities, hyperinsulinemia, hemostasis issues, and kidney dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- Diabetic patients experience a substantially higher risk of cardiovascular mortality.
- The underlying mechanisms for this increased risk are multifactorial and not fully explained by conventional risk factors.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of hyperinsulinemia, hemostasis, and renal function in diabetic cardiovascular complications.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic patient. The acceleration of atherogenesis occurs in all types of diabetes and culminates in such fatal complications as myocardial infarction, stroke and gangrene. Subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus exhibit a 3-4 times higher rate of cardiovascular mortality than non-diabetic persons. Since it was not possible to explain the excess risk by the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, various hypothesis have been put forward. These include certain aspects of blood pressure elevation, lipid changes, hyperinsulinemia, abnormal hemostasis, and impaired kidney function.