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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth
09:22

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Published on: December 17, 2014

Pneumorrhachis in a rottweiler.

N J Macdonald1, R A Pettitt, J F McConnell

  • 1Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, 615 Wells Rd, Whitchurch, Bristol.

The Journal of Small Animal Practice
|October 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A Rottweiler experienced progressive ataxia due to spontaneous pneumorrhachis, a rare spinal cord gas accumulation. Surgical decompression resolved the condition, marking the first veterinary case report.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Surgical Intervention

Background:

  • Progressive ataxia in dogs can stem from various spinal cord pathologies.
  • Accurate diagnosis of spinal lesions is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Intervertebral disc disease is a common cause of neurological deficits in canine patients.

Observation:

  • An 8.5-year-old female Rottweiler presented with a one-week history of progressive ataxia.
  • Neurological examination revealed absent proprioception in the left pelvic limb and reduced proprioception in the right pelvic limb.
  • Thoracolumbar hyperalgesia was noted, with normal pelvic limb segmental spinal reflexes.

Findings:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a spherical signal void compressing the thoracic spinal cord.

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The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
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The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Published on: March 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth
09:22

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Published on: December 17, 2014

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
07:29

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Published on: March 8, 2019

  • Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the lesion as gas, consistent with pneumorrhachis.
  • Degenerate intervertebral discs were also noted but were non-compressive.

    • Implications:

    • This case represents the first reported instance of spontaneous pneumorrhachis in a veterinary patient.
    • Surgical decompression via dorsolateral hemilaminectomy successfully treated the condition.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering gas embolism as a differential diagnosis for spinal cord compression in dogs.