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Using Berry's phase to detect the Unruh effect at lower accelerations.

Eduardo Martín-Martínez¹, Ivette Fuentes, Robert B Mann

¹Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano, Madrid, Spain.

Physical Review Letters

|October 27, 2011

Summary

Detectors gain a Berry phase from spacetime motion, differing between inertial and accelerated frames due to the Unruh effect. This enables a new method to measure the Unruh effect at significantly lower accelerations.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Field Theory
General Relativity
Experimental Physics

Background:

The Unruh effect predicts that an accelerating observer perceives a thermal bath of particles.
Berry phase is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, describing a geometric phase acquired by a quantum system.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate that a detector's motion through spacetime leads to a measurable Berry phase.
To propose a novel experimental method for detecting the Unruh effect by measuring this phase difference.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of a detector's quantum state in different reference frames (inertial vs. accelerated).
Calculation of the Berry phase acquired by the detector in each frame.
Design of a measurement protocol exploiting the phase difference.

Main Results:

A Berry phase is acquired by the detector due to its spacetime motion.
The Berry phase is distinct for inertial and accelerated observers, directly linked to the Unruh effect.
The proposed method allows detection of the Unruh effect at accelerations 10^9 times smaller than previously feasible.

Conclusions:

The Berry phase serves as a unique signature of the Unruh effect.
This work opens avenues for experimentally probing quantum field theory in curved spacetime and the Unruh effect with current technology.