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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 4, 2013

Jet deflection by very weak guide fields during magnetic reconnection.

M V Goldman¹, G Lapenta, D L Newman

¹Department of Physics and CIPS, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|October 27, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New simulations reveal that even a weak magnetic guide field deflects electron jets during magnetic reconnection. This finding impacts our understanding of particle dynamics in space plasmas.

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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

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Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 4, 2013

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Astrophysics
Computational Physics

Background:

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in plasma physics, crucial for energy release in astrophysical phenomena.
Previous 2D simulations identified electron jets and outer electron diffusion regions during antiparallel magnetic reconnection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of an out-of-plane magnetic guide field on electron jets and diffusion regions during magnetic reconnection.
To explore the role of ion-to-electron mass ratio in these dynamics.

Main Methods:

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations were employed.
Simulations used a high ion-to-electron mass ratio (up to 1836, simulating H+ plasma).
A weak out-of-plane magnetic guide field was introduced.

Main Results:

Electron jets were strongly deflected by the weak guide field.
The extended outer electron diffusion region was broken up.
The magnetic diffusion rate remained unchanged despite jet deflection.

Conclusions:

A weak magnetic guide field significantly alters electron dynamics and structure during magnetic reconnection.
These findings provide insights into jet deflection observed in Earth's magnetosheath.
Electron dynamics play a critical role in shaping reconnection outflows.