Effects of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin and arteether on immune responses of normal mice

Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) is a potent antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua. Arteether, a potent semisynthetic analogue of dihydroartemisinin is being developed by the World Health Organization as the artemisinin derivative of choice for the treatment of malaria. All three agents in doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight were found to exhibit marked suppression of humoral responses, as measured by the hemolytic plaque assay, with arteether being the most potent. These agents did not alter the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to sheep erythrocytes at the same dose levels. In addition, all three agents were found not to possess any anti-inflammatory activity when tested on carrageenan-induced oedema. These results indicated that these agents have a selective immunosuppressive activity. They did not exhibit immunostimulating activity in contrast to what has been reported for sodium artesunate.