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Related Concept Videos

Rolling With Slipping01:14

Rolling With Slipping

Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can affect...
Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving01:17

Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving

Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
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Journal Bearings01:23

Journal Bearings

Journal bearings are mechanical components that support and provide lateral stability to rotating shafts and axles. They are crucial in reducing friction, wear, and vibration in machinery such as engines, turbines, and pumps. The principle behind journal bearings is forming a thin lubricant film between the bearing surface and the rotating shaft, which minimizes direct contact and reduces frictional forces.
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Friction: Problem Solving01:21

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Friction is an essential force that influences the motion of objects in daily life. Depending on the situation, it can be either beneficial or problematic. Consider a bus with a mass of three megagrams and its center of mass at a specific point, moving along a banked road at a constant speed. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.5. Find the maximum angle of the banked road at which the bus would not slip or tip.
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Updated: May 28, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
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A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

Balance control during lateral load transfers over a slippery surface.

Robert D Catena1, Angela DiDomenico, Jacob J Banks

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, USA.

Ergonomics
|October 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Slippery surfaces in manual material handling tasks can be managed by adjusting stance width and foot rotation, not muscle control. These stance changes help prevent imbalance and reduce injury risk in industrial settings.

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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Published on: July 26, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Occupational Safety
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Manual material handling (MMH) is a leading cause of workplace injuries.
  • Limited research exists on balance control during MMH, especially considering environmental factors like surface friction.
  • Slippery conditions in industries increase the risk of MMH-related injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of different surface frictions on balance control during stationary manual material handling.
  • To identify compensatory strategies for maintaining balance on slippery surfaces during lateral load transfers.
  • To explore the role of stance kinematics and muscular control in adapting to varied friction conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-six healthy participants performed 180° lateral load transfer tasks on high (μ=0.86) and low (μ=0.16) friction surfaces.
  • Measurements included balance parameters, stance kinematics (width, foot rotation), and lower extremity muscle activity.
  • Participants were analyzed based on their ability to successfully manage the novel slippery surface.

Main Results:

  • Stance width reduction (8 cm) and increased external foot rotation (15°) were key strategies for counteracting imbalance on the slippery surface.
  • No significant alterations in lower extremity muscular control were observed to adapt to the slippery conditions.
  • Successful adaptation to slippery surfaces during lateral load transfers was primarily linked to changes in stance configuration.

Conclusions:

  • Stance adjustments, specifically reduced width and increased foot rotation, are effective compensatory mechanisms for maintaining balance on slippery surfaces during MMH.
  • Lower extremity muscular control did not show clear adaptation to slippery conditions, suggesting biomechanical adjustments are more critical.
  • Understanding and implementing appropriate stance strategies can mitigate imbalance and potentially reduce injury risks in industrial environments with slippery surfaces.