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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases

Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases

Published on: December 26, 2011

hCG, five independent molecules.

Laurence A Cole¹

¹USA hCG Reference Service Reference Service, Division of Women's Health Research, Albuquerque, NM 87104, United States. larry@hcglab.com

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry

|October 27, 2011

Summary

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) exists in five forms, acting as critical super-growth factors. These hCG forms have diverse functions, from normal hormone action to cancer promotion.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Molecular Biology
Oncology

Background:

The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) amino acid sequence supports five distinct glycoprotein forms.
These forms include the placental hormone, pituitary sulfated hormone, placental cytotrophoblast autocrine, and malignancy-associated autocrine forms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the five hCG forms and their diverse functions.
To explore hCG's roles from evolution and hormone action to cancer promotion.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific publications on hCG forms.
Analysis of the functions associated with each of the five hCG molecules.

Main Results:

Identification of five distinct hCG forms with unique origins and glycosylation patterns.

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Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases

Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases

Published on: December 26, 2011

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians

Published on: May 12, 2019

Evidence supporting hCG's involvement in placental function, pituitary regulation, and autocrine signaling in malignancies.

Conclusions:

hCG forms are essential super-growth factors in humans.
These factors exhibit a remarkably broad spectrum of biological activities.