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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

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Long-Term Imaging of Identified Neural Populations using Microprisms in Freely Moving and Head-Fixed Animals
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[Growing skull fracture].

Hedy Folkersma1, Sander Idema, Mirko L A Bal

  • 1VU Medisch Centrum, Neurochirurgisch Centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. hedy.folkersma@vumc.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|October 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare pediatric cranial trauma complication. Early recognition via MRI and surgical repair are crucial to prevent cerebral damage in young children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare complication of pediatric cranial trauma.
  • GSF involves a dural defect leading to brain herniation, cystic changes, and potential cerebral damage.
  • It primarily affects children under 3 years old.

Observation:

  • A 5-month-old infant presented with a subgaleal hematoma and hemiparesis after a fall.
  • Cranial MRI revealed a skull fracture with a dural defect and progressive brain herniation.
  • Neurosurgical intervention was performed.

Findings:

  • GSF results from dura rupture and separating fracture edges, causing cerebral damage.
  • A pulsating subgaleal hematoma in children under 3 warrants consideration for GSF.
  • Diagnosis is confirmed by brain MRI.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and neurosurgical intervention are vital for preventing long-term neurological deficits.
  • Treatment involves watertight dural closure and skull reconstruction.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering GSF in young children with specific trauma presentations.