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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Characterizing Multidrug Efflux Systems in Acinetobacter baumannii Using an Efflux&#45;Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single&#45;Copy Gene Expression System
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Characterizing Multidrug Efflux Systems in Acinetobacter baumannii Using an Efflux-Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single-Copy Gene Expression System

Published on: January 5, 2024

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp.: increasingly problematic nosocomial pathogens.

Kyungwon Lee1, Dongeun Yong, Seok Hoon Jeong

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Yonsei Medical Journal
|October 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter species is a growing threat, particularly in hospitals. Concerted efforts are needed to preserve antibiotic effectiveness against these difficult-to-treat Gram-negative pathogens.

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Quantification, Viability Assessment, and Visualization Strategies for Acinetobacter Biofilms
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Characterizing Multidrug Efflux Systems in Acinetobacter baumannii Using an Efflux&#45;Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single&#45;Copy Gene Expression System
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Quantification, Viability Assessment, and Visualization Strategies for Acinetobacter Biofilms
07:41

Quantification, Viability Assessment, and Visualization Strategies for Acinetobacter Biofilms

Published on: August 4, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Pathogenic bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacilli like Acinetobacter spp., exhibit increasing resistance to antimicrobial therapies.
  • Acinetobacter spp. are significant nosocomial pathogens, causing severe infections and high mortality in immunocompromised patients.
  • These bacteria possess intrinsic resistance and a propensity for acquiring further resistance, complicating treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the escalating problem of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter species.
  • To present surveillance data on resistance rates in Korea.
  • To emphasize the need for multidisciplinary strategies to combat multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections.

Main Methods:

  • Surveillance study in Korea (2009) to determine resistance rates.
  • Analysis of Acinetobacter spp. isolates from a tertiary care hospital (2010).
  • Identification of resistance mechanisms, including carbapenemase production (OXA, metallo-β-lactamase).

Main Results:

  • High resistance rates observed in Korea: fluoroquinolone (67%), amikacin (48%), ceftazidime (66%), imipenem (51%).
  • Carbapenem resistance linked to OXA carbapenemases in A. baumannii and metallo-β-lactamases in non-baumannii isolates.
  • Significant proportion of isolates resistant to multiple agents (14.9% to seven, 41.8% to all eight tested).

Conclusions:

  • Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections are challenging to treat.
  • Effective prevention and control require comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches.
  • Antimicrobial stewardship is crucial to preserve the efficacy of existing antimicrobial agents.