Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Is achieving higher standards in real-world migraine care feasible with anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies preventive therapies?: Insights from the EUREkA cohort.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2026
Same author

Efficacy of Bimekizumab on Palmoplantar Psoriasis: A 16-Week Multicenter Retrospective Study-IL PSO (Italian Landscape PSOriasis).

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Real-World Response and Super-Response to Eptinezumab over 48 Weeks in Migraine: The Prospective Multicenter EMBRACE III Study.

Neurology and therapy·2026
Same author

Long-Term Effectiveness and Persistence Factors of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Migraine: 2-Year Results From the EUREkA Cohort.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Responders and super-responders to atogepant after 24 weeks of treatment in migraine: real-world evidence from the GIANT-2 study.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

Long-Term Effectiveness and Persistence Factors of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Migraine: 2-Year Results From the EUREkA Cohort.

Neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Chronic migraine classification: current knowledge and future perspectives.

Gian Camillo Manzoni1, Vincenzo Bonavita, Gennaro Bussone

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Headache Centre, Istituto di Neurologia, University of Parma, c/o Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (Padiglione Barbieri, 3° piano), Via Gramsci 14, 43100, Parma, Italy. giancamillo.manzoni@unipr.it

The Journal of Headache and Pain
|October 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic migraine (CM) is a complex headache disorder. This study proposes redefining CM and introducing transformed migraine (TM) into headache classifications for better diagnostic clarity.

More Related Videos

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies
05:49

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
05:23

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies
05:49

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
05:23

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine
  • Clinical Classification

Background:

  • Migraine that progressively worsens to daily or near-daily frequency poses classification challenges.
  • Current International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2R) defines chronic migraine (CM) with specific criteria.
  • Evidence suggests CM is a heterogeneous entity, risking overextension of its definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a revised classification for high-frequency migraine headaches.
  • To differentiate chronic migraine (CM) as a subtype of migraine without aura.
  • To reclassify transformed migraine (TM) as a complication of migraine with distinct diagnostic criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on chronic daily headache and migraine classification.
  • Analysis of the heterogeneity within the current definition of chronic migraine (CM).
  • Proposal of new diagnostic criteria for CM and transformed migraine (TM).

Main Results:

  • Current CM definition (≥15 headache days/month for ≥3 months) is considered too broad.
  • A proposed CM subtype is characterized by 10-20 headache days/month for ≥3 months.
  • Transformed migraine (TM) is proposed as a distinct complication with stricter criteria (≥20 headache days/month for ≥1 year).

Conclusions:

  • The current classification of chronic migraine (CM) requires refinement due to its heterogeneity.
  • CM should be considered a high-frequency subtype of migraine without aura.
  • Transformed migraine (TM) should replace CM in the ICHD-2 classification with revised, more restrictive criteria.