Sensitivity of resonance frequency analysis method to assess implant stability

The aim of this human cadaver study was to determine the correlation between bone quality and implant stability parameters, and the relationship between resonance frequency value and peri-implant bone loss. Thirty-two implants were placed into four human cadaver mandibles. The bone density of the implant recipient site was determined using computerized tomography (CT) in Hounsfield units (HU). The peak insertion torque values were recorded. The resonance frequency (RF) measurements were performed immediately following implant insertion and also after one, two and three turns of the implant in a counterclockwise direction, representing peri-implant bone loss. The mean bone density, insertion torque and RFA values of all implants were 152 +/- 264 HU, 41.7 +/- 6 Ncm and 69.7 +/- 9 ISQ. Statistically significant correlations were found between bone density and insertion torque values, bone density and ISQ values, and insertion torque and ISQ values. A significant influence of the peri-implant bone loss on ISQ value was also observed. The findings from this study illustrate significant correlation between bone density and implant stability parameters, and a linear relationship between peri-implant bone levels and resonance frequency value.