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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Advancing knowledge and research: developing a doctoral program in clinical and translational science.

Debra W Moore1, Terri Collin Dilmore, Georgeanna F W B Robinson

  • 1Institute for Clinical Research Education, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Clinical and Translational Science
|October 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Developing educational programs in clinical and translational science requires careful consideration of purpose and philosophy. Integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes is key for effective curriculum planning, implementation, and evaluation.

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Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics
08:56

Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics

Published on: October 1, 2007

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
13:12

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics
08:56

Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics

Published on: October 1, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Clinical and Translational Science Education

Background:

  • The rapid growth of clinical and translational science necessitates standardized educational frameworks.
  • Establishing national standards for programs, competencies, and milestones is an ongoing process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline critical considerations for planning, implementing, and evaluating curricula in emerging scientific fields.
  • To emphasize the importance of aligning educational philosophy with program development.

Main Methods:

  • The article provides a conceptual framework for curriculum design.
  • It discusses the integration of philosophy, competencies, and assessments.

Main Results:

  • Key issues in curriculum development are identified.
  • The necessity of a purposeful intertwining of philosophy, competencies, and assessments is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Effective curricula require a deliberate integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
  • Educational philosophy must guide the development and evaluation of clinical and translational science programs.