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Related Concept Videos

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Hess's Law03:40

Hess's Law

There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation01:23

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Upon ionization, aromatic compounds generate a molecular ion that is observed as a prominent peak in their mass spectra. For example, the molecular ion peak for benzene appears at a mass-to-charge ratio of 78, while toluene is observed at a mass-to-charge ratio of 92. The molecular ion benzene is highly stable and does not readily undergo further fragmentation due to the significant amount of energy required to disrupt the aromatic stability of the benzene ring. In contrast, the molecular ion...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

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Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability
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Published on: October 21, 2016

BTEX decomposition by ozone in gaseous phase.

M Franco1, I Chairez, T Poznyak

  • 1Superior School of Chemical Engineering of National Polytechnic Institute, (ESIQIEIPN), Edif. 7, UPALM, C.P. 07738, México D.F., Mexico.

Journal of Environmental Management
|October 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ozone effectively decomposes volatile organic compounds (VOCs), specifically benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), in the gaseous phase. This study demonstrates ozone

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Air Pollution Control

Background:

  • Air pollution from gas-phase contaminants poses significant human health risks.
  • Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are volatile, toxic compounds requiring effective decomposition strategies.
  • Novel methods are needed for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) liberated from water sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of ozone as an alternative treatment for gaseous BTEX compounds stripped from water.
  • To evaluate ozone's capability in decomposing VOCs in the gas phase within a tubular reactor.
  • To study the dynamic relationship between BTEX degradation and liberation during ozonation.

Main Methods:

  • Model mixtures of BTEX stripped from water were used.
  • A two-stage experimental setup involved oxygen ventilation followed by ozonation in a tubular reactor.
  • Ozonation efficiency was assessed by comparing VOC concentrations at the reactor's input and output.

Main Results:

  • Ozone demonstrated effectiveness in decomposing BTEX compounds in the gaseous phase.
  • The study confirmed the feasibility of using ozone for VOC decomposition.
  • The dynamic relationship between degradation and liberation was characterized.

Conclusions:

  • Ozone presents a viable option for the gas-phase decomposition of VOCs, including BTEX.
  • The ozonation process can be applied to treat volatile organic compounds stripped from water.
  • Further characterization of the degradation and liberation dynamics is important for process optimization.