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Related Concept Videos

Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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Related Experiment Video

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Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
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[Paediatric training for developing clinical activities].

L Echarri-Martínez1, C M Fernández-Llamazares, J López-Herce

  • 1Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España. lecharri.hgugm@salud.madrid.org

Farmacia Hospitalaria : Organo Oficial De Expresion Cientifica De La Sociedad Espanola De Farmacia Hospitalaria
|October 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hospital pharmacists enhance medication safety through improved prescription, dispensing, and administration. A paediatric pharmacist in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) optimizes patient care and pharmacotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy practice
  • Clinical pharmacy
  • Drug safety

Context:

  • Hospital pharmacy training provides skills for medication use analysis and improvement.
  • Paediatric pharmacists focus on individual patient care, prescription validation, and pharmaceutical follow-up for safe and effective pharmacotherapy.
  • This multidisciplinary review involved the Pharmacy Department and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).

Purpose:

  • To analyze the role of a resident pharmacist within the PICU.
  • To identify areas for improvement in rational drug use.
  • To design a training program for paediatric pharmacists applicable to other institutions.

Summary:

  • Pharmacists' hospital training enhances medication safety.
  • Paediatric pharmacists improve patient care through meticulous prescription validation and follow-up.
  • A review analyzed a resident pharmacist's role in the PICU to promote rational drug use and develop a training program.

Impact:

  • Potential for increased overall drug use safety.
  • Improved patient care and pharmacotherapy in paediatric settings.
  • Establishment of a reference teaching program for paediatric pharmacists in intensive care units.