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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Therapy Interventions for Upper Limb Amputees Undergoing Selective Nerve Transfers
07:59

Therapy Interventions for Upper Limb Amputees Undergoing Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: October 29, 2021

Free functional muscle transfer for the upper extremity.

Alexander Seal1, Milan Stevanovic

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, USC University Hospital, LAC + USC Medical Center, 2025 Zonal Avenue, GNH 3900, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9312, USA.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Free functional muscle transfers restore function after nerve injury, trauma, or congenital absence. This technique addresses both soft tissue and muscle loss, particularly in the upper extremity.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Microsurgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Free functional muscle transfers are indicated for delayed nerve injury treatment.
  • They are the preferred method for Volkmann's ischemic contracture, trauma, tumor resection, and congenital muscle absence.
  • This procedure can simultaneously address soft tissue and functional muscle deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the fundamental principles for successful upper extremity reconstruction using free functional muscle transfers.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on the key principles of functional reconstruction.
  • Highlights application in cases of nerve injury, contracture, trauma, tumor resection, and congenital absence.
  • Emphasizes simultaneous reconstruction of soft tissue and muscle.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Therapy Interventions for Upper Limb Amputees Undergoing Selective Nerve Transfers
07:59

Therapy Interventions for Upper Limb Amputees Undergoing Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: October 29, 2021

Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation
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Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation

Published on: June 13, 2025

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09:34

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: August 15, 2019

Main Results:

  • Free functional muscle transfers provide an excellent treatment option for various upper extremity functional deficits.
  • The technique is versatile, addressing diverse etiologies including delayed nerve injury and congenital anomalies.
  • Successful reconstruction is achievable even with combined soft tissue and muscle loss.

Conclusions:

  • Free functional muscle transfers are a cornerstone in restoring upper extremity function.
  • The principles discussed are crucial for optimizing outcomes in complex reconstructive scenarios.
  • This approach offers a comprehensive solution for patients with significant functional loss.