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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
06:31

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique

Published on: January 10, 2013

[Flexible ureteroscopy with laser for upper urinary tract stone].

P-O Faïs1, T Albert, S Gaillet

  • 1Service d'urologie et de transplantation rénale, hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France. po fais@hotmail.com

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Flexible ureteroscopy is a safe and effective first-line treatment for upper urinary tract stones. Utilizing Holmium Laser energy, this procedure achieves complete stone fragmentation in approximately 80% of cases when performed correctly.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
06:31

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique

Published on: January 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Context:

  • Upper urinary tract stones pose a significant clinical challenge.
  • Flexible ureteroscopy has emerged as a key treatment modality.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract stones.
  • To highlight the importance of patient counseling and sterile urine conditions.

Summary:

  • Flexible ureteroscopy, utilizing Holmium Laser lithotripsy, is a safe and efficient treatment for upper urinary tract stones.
  • It is considered a first-line therapy based on stone characteristics.
  • Successful complete stone fragmentation is achieved in approximately 80% of cases with appropriate technique and material knowledge.

Impact:

  • Optimizes patient outcomes for upper urinary tract stone disease.
  • Establishes flexible ureteroscopy as a standard of care.
  • Provides a high success rate for stone removal.