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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Electrowetting-based Digital Microfluidics Platform for Automated Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Electrowetting-based Digital Microfluidics Platform for Automated Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: February 23, 2020

Microwave-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure.

Pradip Nahar1, Utpal Bora, Gainda L Sharma

  • 1Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India. pnahar@igib.res.in

Analytical Biochemistry
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new microwave-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA) significantly cuts diagnostic time to under 5 minutes, offering results comparable to traditional 18-hour enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This rapid method shows promise for urgent disease diagnosis and sample screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are crucial for diagnostics but are time-consuming, often requiring up to 18 hours.
  • Rapid diagnostic methods are essential for medical urgency, disease outbreaks, and high-throughput screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel microwave-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA) for significantly accelerated diagnostic testing.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of MELISA across a range of clinically relevant analytes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microwave-mediated protocol to expedite the ELISA process.
  • Validation of MELISA performance by detecting human IgG, rabbit IgG, human IgE, human IL-1β, and antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica and Aspergillus fumigatus.

Main Results:

  • MELISA reduced assay time to less than 5 minutes.
  • Results obtained by MELISA were comparable to those from conventional 18-hour ELISA.
  • Successful detection of various antibodies and proteins, including human IgG, IgE, IL-1β, and specific pathogen antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • MELISA offers a rapid and effective alternative to conventional ELISA.
  • This method is suitable for urgent medical diagnostics, infectious disease outbreak monitoring, and large-scale sample screening (e.g., blood banks, emigration).
  • Microwave acceleration dramatically improves the efficiency of immunoassay procedures.