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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Published on: April 7, 2020

Chronobiology and mood disorders.

Anna Wirz-Justice1

  • 1Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian rhythm disturbances are common in depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Chronobiology offers non-pharmacological treatments like sleep deprivation and light therapy for mood disorders.

Keywords:
circadian rhythmlight therapymajor depressionmelatoninseasonal affective disordersleep deprivation

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Published on: November 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Diurnal mood variations and early morning awakening are recognized in depression.
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a recognized seasonal modifier.
  • Depressive patients often exhibit abnormal circadian rhythms (timing, amplitude, variability).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the etiological significance of circadian rhythm disturbances in mood disorders.
  • Differentiate between circadian pacemaker and homeostatic sleep process impacts on mood.
  • Explore genetic links between circadian/sleep genes and depression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized stringent protocols like constant routine and forced desynchrony.
  • Quantified contributions of circadian pacemaker and sleep homeostasis.
  • Examined effects of non-pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

  • Antidepressants and mood stabilizers show no consistent effect on circadian rhythmicity.
  • Sleep deprivation is a rapid antidepressant modality, with relapse preventable by adjunct treatments.
  • Phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle and light therapy show rapid and sustained mood improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Chronobiological approaches offer novel treatments for affective disorders.
  • Light is a primary treatment for SAD and potentially useful for nonseasonal depression.
  • Zeitgebers like light, dark, social regularity, and meal timing are crucial for stabilizing circadian rhythms.