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[Environment and occurrence of epidemics]

A Mayr1

  • 1Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions- und Seuchenlehre, Tierärztliche Fakultät Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Zentralblatt Fur Hygiene Und Umweltmedizin = International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine
|May 1, 1990
PubMed

Insights

Epidemic diseases are closely linked to environmental factors and ecological changes. Understanding these relationships helps predict and manage infectious disease outbreaks.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Ecology
  • Microbiology

Context:

  • Epidemic diseases are defined by the temporary aggregation of dangerous infectious diseases in specific areas.
  • They are rooted in the monocausality principles of Henle and Koch, forming a key group of monocausal infectious diseases.
  • Strong ecological interdependencies exist between epidemic diseases and their surrounding environment, encompassing all living organisms and inanimate factors like soil, water, and air.

Purpose:

  • To explore the intricate ecological relationships between epidemic diseases and the environment.
  • To demonstrate infection chains using examples like American equine encephalitis, rabies, Aujeszky's disease, salmonellosis, and soil-borne diseases.
  • To highlight how environmental modifications influence disease progression and occurrence.

Summary:

  • Environmental changes significantly impact the development and spread of epidemic diseases.
  • Many epidemic diseases show correlations with specific geographical zones, climate variations, and exhibit seasonal or secular rhythms.
  • New molecular techniques (e.g., fingerprinting, hybridization, sequence analysis) aid in understanding the emergence of novel infectious diseases.

Impact:

  • Environmental shifts can alter the incidence of diseases caused by pathogens like streptococci and staphylococci.
  • The study posits that recombination of infectious agents could lead to evolutionary leaps in pathogens, challenging Darwinian theory.
  • Insights into environment-disease dynamics are crucial for public health and disease management strategies.

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