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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol
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Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

Published on: April 5, 2024

Adeno-associated virus biology.

Matthew D Weitzman1, R Michael Linden

  • 1Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) biology has been extensively studied since its discovery. Research has led to the development of recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors for gene delivery, improving gene therapy applications.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was initially identified as an adenovirus contaminant.
  • Early research established infectious molecular clones, genome sequencing, and genetic element identification.
  • Extensive studies on AAV biology and host cell interactions have refined vector development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the foundational knowledge of AAV biology.
  • To discuss the evolution and application of AAV vectors in gene delivery.
  • To highlight how vector development has advanced understanding of the AAV lifecycle.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical research and scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies on AAV genome, genetics, and replication.

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Production of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Cell Stacks for Preclinical Studies in Large Animal Models
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Production of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Cell Stacks for Preclinical Studies in Large Animal Models

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Transgene Expression in Cultured Cells Using Unpurified Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors
06:41

Transgene Expression in Cultured Cells Using Unpurified Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors

Published on: October 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol
09:12

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

Published on: April 5, 2024

Production of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Cell Stacks for Preclinical Studies in Large Animal Models
07:21

Production of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Cell Stacks for Preclinical Studies in Large Animal Models

Published on: June 30, 2021

Transgene Expression in Cultured Cells Using Unpurified Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors
06:41

Transgene Expression in Cultured Cells Using Unpurified Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors

Published on: October 20, 2023

  • Examination of AAV vector production and application methodologies.

    • Main Results:

    • AAV's journey from contaminant to a key tool in gene therapy.
    • Development of recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors through understanding viral biology.
    • Insights into AAV lifecycle driven by the need for improved vector performance.

    Conclusions:

    • AAV biology research is crucial for advancing gene therapy.
    • Recombinant AAV vectors are powerful tools for genetic material delivery.
    • Continued study of AAV enhances its potential in therapeutic applications.