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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Correction for Gurda et al., "Mapping a Neutralizing Epitope onto the Capsid of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8".

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins
14:49

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins

Published on: June 12, 2018

AAV capsid structure and cell interactions.

Mavis Agbandje-McKenna1, Jürgen Kleinschmidt

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. mckenna@ufl.edu

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are key tools for gene therapy due to their unique capsid structure and ability to infect various cells. Research focuses on understanding AAV capsid interactions for improved gene delivery applications.

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Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol
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Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

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Isolation of Next-Generation Gene Therapy Vectors through Engineering, Barcoding, and Screening of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Capsid Variants
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Isolation of Next-Generation Gene Therapy Vectors through Engineering, Barcoding, and Screening of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Capsid Variants

Published on: October 18, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins
14:49

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins

Published on: June 12, 2018

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol
09:12

Isolation of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Through a Single-Step and Semi-Automated Heparin Affinity Chromatography Protocol

Published on: April 5, 2024

Isolation of Next-Generation Gene Therapy Vectors through Engineering, Barcoding, and Screening of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Capsid Variants
09:20

Isolation of Next-Generation Gene Therapy Vectors through Engineering, Barcoding, and Screening of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Capsid Variants

Published on: October 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are small viruses with a T=1 capsid structure, belonging to the Parvoviridae family.
  • AAVs are non-pathogenic and possess the ability to package non-genomic DNA, making them promising vectors for gene therapy.
  • Understanding AAV biology, including capsid structure, tropism, and interactions, is crucial for enhancing their gene delivery capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current structural information on AAV capsids.
  • To identify capsid protein regions involved in cellular interactions and infectivity.
  • To annotate functional regions of the AAV capsid based on structural and interaction data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AAV capsid structure and function.
  • Analysis of structural data to identify key functional regions.
  • Annotation of capsid regions based on known cellular interactions and infectivity.

Main Results:

  • AAV capsids are multifunctional, with conserved core regions for trafficking, assembly, and packaging.
  • Variable surface loops determine differential receptor and antibody recognition.
  • Specific capsid regions mediate cellular interactions crucial for viral entry and infectivity.

Conclusions:

  • AAVs have evolved sophisticated capsids with distinct surface structures for targeted interactions.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of structural regions in capsid uncoating.
  • The structural insights gained will aid in the rational design of AAV vectors for gene therapy.