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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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No description available
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

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Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation of Next-Generation Gene Therapy Vectors through Engineering, Barcoding, and Screening of Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Capsid Variants
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Modification and labeling of AAV vector particles.

Hildegard Büning1, Chelsea M Bolyard, Michael Hallek

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. hildegard.buening@uk-koeln.de

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are engineered for targeted delivery. New methods allow modification of AAV capsids with peptides and genetic labels for enhanced tropism and virus-cell interaction studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a widely used vector for gene therapy and research.
  • Recent advancements have enabled the development of tropism-modified AAV vectors.
  • Understanding virus-cell interactions is crucial for effective vector design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe strategies for modifying AAV capsid properties.
  • To enable the generation of targeted AAV vectors with altered tropism.
  • To provide methods for characterizing capsid modifications and virus-cell interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Insertion of peptide ligands into the AAV viral capsid.
  • Generation of mosaic capsids with diverse tropism.
  • Chemical and genetic labeling of the viral capsid for tracking and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of successful peptide ligand insertion into AAV capsids.
  • Characterization of novel capsid mutants with modified tropism.
  • Development of methods for producing mosaic AAV capsids.
  • Establishment of techniques for capsid labeling.

Conclusions:

  • Peptide ligand insertion and capsid modification offer powerful strategies for engineering AAV tropism.
  • Mosaic capsid production and capsid labeling are valuable tools for studying AAV biology.
  • These advancements enhance the versatility of AAV vectors for research and therapeutic applications.