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MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
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Published on: August 11, 2015

Treatment-refractory schizophrenia.

Asaf Caspi1, Michael Davidson, Carol A Tamminga

  • 1Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many individuals with schizophrenia remain ill despite treatment. Research is needed to understand treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS) and develop more effective therapies for this challenging condition.

Keywords:
antipsychotic agentmechanism for treatment-refractory schizophreniaschizophreniatreatment

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Published on: August 11, 2015

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04:29

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • A significant portion of schizophrenia patients do not respond to standard antipsychotic treatments.
  • These individuals often experience continued functional decline despite rehabilitation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unmet need for effective treatments in treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS).
  • To emphasize the necessity of understanding TRS pathophysiology and drug mechanisms for developing novel therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical practices for managing treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
  • Discussion of the limitations of existing pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

  • Current strategies involve sequential switching of antipsychotics, with clozapine as a last resort.
  • Limited empirical data support concomitant antipsychotic use or augmentation strategies.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial group of schizophrenia patients remain treatment-refractory.
  • Further research is crucial for defining TRS more precisely and elucidating illness mechanisms to develop superior treatments.