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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

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Published on: March 22, 2016

Alzheimer's disease.

A S Schachter1, K L Davis

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Medical Center; New York, NY, USA.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease treatments focus on managing cognitive and behavioral symptoms, primarily using cholinesterase inhibitors. Future research aims for early diagnosis, novel medications, and preventive strategies like immunizations.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseanti-inflammatory agentantioxidantapolipoprotein E4behavioral disturbancecholinesterase inhibitorepidemiologyestrogen replacement therapyetiology

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant public health concern in the elderly.
  • It is undertreated and under-recognized, necessitating increased research into its etiology and treatment.
  • Recent efforts have improved diagnostic guidelines and symptomatic management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
  • To highlight advancements in pharmacological interventions for cognitive and behavioral disturbances.
  • To outline future research directions for AD therapy and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical diagnostic guidelines and treatment strategies.
  • Evaluation of symptomatic treatments, focusing on cholinergic therapy via randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.
  • Analysis of medications for cognitive and behavioral symptoms, and emerging preventive methods.

Main Results:

  • Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, tacrine, rivastigmine, galantamine) are recommended for cognitive impairment in AD.
  • Various medications address behavioral disturbances, including antidepressants and antipsychotics.
  • The efficacy of estrogen replacement, anti-inflammatories, and antioxidants remains controversial.

Conclusions:

  • Current AD treatment primarily involves symptomatic management of cognitive and behavioral issues.
  • Future research should focus on early diagnosis using functional brain imaging, developing new drug classes targeting neurotransmitter systems, and preventive strategies like immunotherapy.
  • Developing effective preventive methods and novel treatments is crucial for combating Alzheimer's disease.