Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Menopause

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer: Risk assessment of various regimens and risk evaluation in ovarian cancer survivors.

Maturitas·2026

Same author

Menopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer: Risk assessment of various regimens and risk evaluation for endometrial cancer survivors.

Maturitas·2026

Same author

Exploring noisy Jeffery orbits: A combined Fokker-Planck and Langevin analysis in two and three dimensions.

Physical review. E·2024

Same author

Impact of COVID-19 on 2020 transplant activity and waiting lists in France<sup>✰,✰✰</sup>.

Journal of liver transplantation·2024

Same author

Randomized trial: treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause using radiofrequency.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2024

Same author

[Aggressiveness and violence in daily ophthalmology practice: Descriptive analysis of a survey sent to residents and assistants in Grand Est and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté].

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

[Menopausal hormone treatment in 2011].

S Rozenberg¹, J Vandromme, C Antoine

¹Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, C.H.U. Saint-Pierre, Bruxelles. serge_rozenberg@stpierre.be

Revue Medicale De Bruxelles

|November 1, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Menopause hormone therapy (MHT) effectively treats symptoms and prevents osteoporosis. However, risks like increased breast cancer and cardiovascular issues necessitate careful consideration of regimen and patient factors.

More Related Videos

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Gynecology
Women's Health

Context:

Menopause hormone therapy (MHT) is a primary treatment for climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis prevention.
Prolonged MHT use presents potential health risks, necessitating a balanced approach to therapy selection.

Purpose:

To provide an updated review of menopause hormone therapy (MHT).
To analyze the risks and benefits associated with different MHT regimens, including estrogen-progestin and estrogen-only therapies.

Summary:

MHT is highly effective for menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis prevention.
Estrogen-only therapy showed reduced breast cancer risk, while combined therapy increased it in specific populations.
Risks of stroke and thromboembolism are low in younger women (<60) without risk factors.
Coronary disease risk varied, with combined therapy showing increased risk in older women and estrogen-only showing reduced risk in younger women (50-60).

Impact:

Informs clinical decisions regarding MHT, emphasizing personalized treatment strategies.
Highlights the importance of considering patient age, risk factors, and specific MHT formulations to mitigate adverse events.
Supports the use of alternative osteoporosis treatments like calcium and vitamin D for women without menopausal symptoms.