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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady state,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

[Vitamin D supplementation: why and how?].

E Cogan1

  • 1Service de Mèdecine Interne, Hôpital Erasme, Bruxelles. ecogan@ulb.ac.be

Revue Medicale De Bruxelles
|November 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Severe vitamin D deficiency causes rickets and osteomalacia, and is linked to osteoporosis and other health issues. This review covers management and repletion strategies for vitamin D deficiency in at-risk individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized beyond classical bone diseases.
  • Osteoporosis, myopathy, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular events are associated with low vitamin D.
  • Elderly individuals and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D depletion.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical management of vitamin D deficiency.
  • To outline current recommendations for vitamin D repletion in specific at-risk populations.

Summary:

  • Severe vitamin D deficiency classically leads to osteomalacia and rickets.
  • Emerging evidence links decreased vitamin D levels to osteoporosis and extraskeletal issues, including myopathy, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular events.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

  • Photoprotective measures, while crucial for skin cancer prevention, contribute to vitamin D deficiency prevalence.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of vitamin D deficiency management.
    • Offers evidence-based guidance for vitamin D repletion strategies.
    • Highlights the importance of addressing vitamin D deficiency in vulnerable populations to mitigate associated health risks.