Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

American Trypanosomiasis

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections in the Brazilian Amazon: A 10-year retrospective study.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2026

Same author

Stigma associated with leprosy among patients, contacts, and the general population in an endemic region of Brazil.

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia·2026

Same author

Unveiling hidden leprosy in underserved populations of the Amazonas state through active case-finding-the Amazon Skin Health Program (2023).

International journal of dermatology·2025

Same author

Sporothrix brasiliensis as the major causative species of the zoonotic outbreak of human sporotrichosis in the Brazilian Amazon.

Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH·2024

Same author

Zoonotic Sporotrichosis outbreak: Emerging public health threat in the Amazon State, Brazil.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2024

Same author

Late relapses in leprosy patients in Brazil: 10-year post-trial of uniform multidrug therapy (U-MDT/CT-BR).

The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice

Published on: March 23, 2014

Leprosy decline in Amazonas State, Brazil.

Maria Lucia Fernandes Penna¹, Valderiza Lourenço Pedrosa, Emília Dos Santos Pereira

¹Instituto de Saúde da Comunidade, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.

Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH

|November 1, 2011

Summary

Leprosy case detection rates declined significantly in younger age groups in Brazil over 30 years. This indicates a reduced leprosy infection risk for more recent birth cohorts, suggesting a positive public health trend.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

Published on: February 20, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice

Published on: March 23, 2014

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

Published on: February 20, 2020

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Leprosy remains a significant public health concern, particularly in endemic regions like Amazonas State, Brazil.
Understanding trends in leprosy detection rates across different age groups is crucial for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze leprosy case detection rates by age group in Amazonas State, Brazil, from 1980 to 2009.
To identify temporal trends and age-specific patterns in leprosy incidence over three decades.

Main Methods:

Utilized historical leprosy case data from 1980-2009, stratified by age group.
Employed Poisson regression models to analyze time-series data and estimate Relative Annual Reduction (RAR).
Compared age-group specific regression coefficients using 95% confidence intervals.

Main Results:

A notable decline in leprosy detection rates was observed, with Relative Annual Reduction (RAR) ranging from 9% in 0-4 year olds to 1% in 60-69 year olds.
Younger age groups exhibited a declining trend in RAR, which diminished for individuals over 29 years of age.
Detection rates in individuals older than 29 years showed minimal decline over time, with no significant differences observed between age groups.

Conclusions:

The study highlights a significant reduction in leprosy infection risk over the past 30 years in Amazonas State.
A discernible birth cohort effect was identified, with individuals born in more recent years experiencing lower leprosy infection risks compared to older cohorts.
These findings suggest a positive impact of public health interventions and improved living conditions on reducing leprosy transmission.