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Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

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The processing of extraposed structures in English.

Roger Levy¹, Evelina Fedorenko, Mara Breen

¹Department of Linguistics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0108, La Jolla, CA 92093-0108, USA. rlevy@ucsd.edu

|November 1, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Syntactic processing involves understanding how words relate. This study shows that non-projective dependencies, where word relationships cross, increase comprehension difficulty, but probabilistic expectations can mitigate this effect.

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Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Computational Linguistics
Syntactic Theory

Background:

Most syntactic dependencies are projective, meaning word relationships do not cross.
Non-projective dependencies, where relationships cross, are rarer and computationally complex.
Investigating processing costs of non-projective dependencies is crucial for understanding language comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the comprehension difficulty of non-projective dependencies caused by relative clause extraposition in English.
To determine if factors influencing projective dependency processing also affect non-projective dependency processing.
To test explanations for processing difficulty beyond derivational complexity and linear dependency locality.

Main Methods:

Three self-paced reading studies.
Corpus analysis.
Sentence completion tasks.

Main Results:

Extraposition of relative clauses over verbs or prepositional phrases increases comprehension difficulty.
This difficulty aligns with probabilistic syntactic expectations derived from corpora.
Manipulating expectations for postmodifying relative clauses can reduce or eliminate extraposition-related difficulty.

Conclusions:

Comprehenders maintain probabilistic syntactic expectations that extend beyond projective structures.
Processing difficulty in extraposition may be explained by probabilistic expectations rather than solely by derivational complexity or linear distance.
Probabilistic syntactic expectations play a significant role in navigating complex sentence structures.