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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Published on: June 28, 2017

Microfabricated multiple field of view imaging flow cytometry.

Ethan Schonbrun¹, Sai Siva Gorthi, Diane Schaak

¹Rowland Institute for Science at Harvard University, 100 Edwin H. Land Blvd, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. schonbrun@rowland.harvard.edu

|November 1, 2011

Summary

This study introduces a novel multi-field of view imaging flow cytometer (MIFC) for high-throughput cell analysis. The MIFC achieves high imaging rates by capturing multiple fields of view simultaneously, overcoming challenges in high-speed cell imaging.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Microscopy

Background:

Combining microscopy and flow cytometry allows for image-based screening of large cell populations.
Integrating high-resolution wide-field imaging into flow cytometry presents significant technical challenges due to high cell velocities.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-throughput imaging flow cytometer capable of overcoming the limitations of high cell velocities.
To demonstrate a novel approach for maintaining high throughput in imaging flow cytometry through parallel imaging.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a multi-field of view imaging flow cytometer (MIFC) utilizing parallel microfluidic channels.
Integration of diffractive lenses to generate sixteen simultaneous wide-field images with submicron resolution.
Reduction of cell flow velocity proportional to the degree of parallelization to enable high-speed imaging.

Main Results:

The MIFC successfully imaged latex beads, red blood cells, and acute myeloid leukemia cells.
Achieved high throughput rates ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 cells per second.
Demonstrated submicron resolution and a magnification of 45x.

Conclusions:

The developed MIFC offers a viable solution for high-throughput, high-resolution imaging in flow cytometry.
Parallel imaging strategies can effectively address the challenges posed by high cell velocities in flow cytometry.
This technology has potential applications in various fields, including cell analysis and diagnostics.