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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice
08:34

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Published on: July 25, 2019

Polypoid atrial myxoma.

Antonio Grimaldi1, Andrea Fumero, Maurizio Taramasso

  • 1Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. grimaldi.antonio@hsr.it

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)
|November 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This case report highlights a large cardiac myxoma causing symptoms like weight loss and dyspnea. Echocardiography effectively identified the tumor, enabling successful surgical removal and a positive patient outcome.

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Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
08:56

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Myxomas are the most frequent primary cardiac tumors.
  • Early detection and characterization are crucial for managing potential complications.

Observation:

  • A 75-year-old male presented with progressive dyspnea and weight loss.
  • Physical exam revealed cardiac auscultation abnormalities.
  • Transthoracic echocardiography identified a large, mobile cardiac mass originating from the atrial fossa ovalis.

Findings:

  • Echocardiographic features including irregular shape, multilobated surface, and soft-tissue echogenicity suggested an emboligenic myxoma.
  • Surgical inspection confirmed a gelatinous, friable myxoma.
  • Histopathology confirmed the myxoma diagnosis post-resection.

Implications:

  • Echocardiography is a key diagnostic tool for cardiac masses, offering morphological insights.
  • Accurate diagnosis aids in assessing risks of valve obstruction and systemic embolization.
  • Successful surgical resection leads to favorable patient outcomes.