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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Update in geriatric medicine.

Danelle Cayea1, Elizabeth Eckstrom, Colleen Christmas

  • 1Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. dcayea1@jhmi.edu

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|November 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventive strategies and lifestyle changes can significantly reduce disease burden and functional decline in older adults. This review highlights key articles for internists caring for this growing demographic.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Internal Medicine
  • Preventive Healthcare

Background:

  • The aging population presents unique challenges for internists, including increased risk of chronic conditions and geriatric syndromes.
  • Effective management requires a focus on preventive strategies and lifestyle interventions tailored to older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update internists on recent key articles concerning preventive strategies for older adults.
  • To identify interventions that reduce disease burden and functional decline in the elderly population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English-language articles published between March 2010 and March 2011.
  • Searched major geriatrics/general medicine journals, Cochrane database, and journal watch services.
  • Included randomized controlled trials relevant to conditions common in older adults and generalist practices.

Main Results:

  • Identified and selected high-quality articles with the potential to improve health outcomes in older patients.
  • Focused on preventive strategies and lifestyle changes relevant to common geriatric conditions.
  • Consensus-based selection process ensured relevance and quality of included studies.

Conclusions:

  • Preventive care and lifestyle modifications are crucial for managing chronic diseases and functional decline in older adults.
  • Internists can utilize evidence-based strategies to enhance the health and well-being of their aging patients.
  • Ongoing review of geriatric medicine literature is essential for optimal patient care.