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Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...

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Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1
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Published on: May 27, 2016

RMRP is a non-coding RNA essential for early murine development.

Joseph Rosenbluh1, Deepak Nijhawan, Zhao Chen

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos One
|November 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing (RMRP) is essential for early embryonic development. RMRP deletion in mice resulted in embryonic lethality, underscoring its critical role in development.

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Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing (RMRP) is a ubiquitously expressed non-coding RNA in humans and mice.
  • Mutations in RMRP are associated with Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia, a pleiotropic syndrome.
  • The precise role of RMRP in early development is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the essentiality of RMRP during early embryonic development.
  • To assess the phenotypic consequences of RMRP deletion in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a targeting vector with loxP sequences flanking the RMRP gene.
  • Created hemizygous RMRP conditional mice.
  • Attempted to generate homozygous RMRP conditional and RMRP null mice.

Main Results:

  • Insertion of the targeting cassette suppressed RMRP expression in hemizygous mice.
  • Viable homozygous RMRP conditional mice could not be obtained.
  • Viable homozygous RMRP null mice were also not obtained.

Conclusions:

  • RMRP is essential for early embryonic development in mice.
  • Complete deletion of RMRP leads to embryonic lethality.
  • Further studies are warranted to elucidate the specific developmental processes regulated by RMRP.