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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Intravital Microscopy Imaging of the Liver following Leishmania Infection: An Assessment of Hepatic Hemodynamics
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Intravital Microscopy Imaging of the Liver following Leishmania Infection: An Assessment of Hepatic Hemodynamics

Published on: July 28, 2015

[Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis].

Pierre Marty1, Christelle Pomares, Grégory Michel

  • 1Parasitologie-mycologie, CHU l'Archet--Nice Sophia Antipolis, inserm U 895. marty.p@chu-nice.fr

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|November 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis, a parasitic zoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum, primarily affects dogs and is transmitted by sand flies. Diagnosis involves serologic tests and parasite detection, with liposomal amphotericin B as the current treatment.

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Zoonotic diseases
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (MVL) is a significant zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum.
  • Dogs serve as the primary reservoir and are frequently affected.
  • Transmission occurs via the bite of infected female Phlebotomus sand flies.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis.
  • To detail the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.
  • To highlight the role of dogs as reservoir hosts and the transmission dynamics.

Summary:

  • MVL is caused by Leishmania infantum, with dogs as the main reservoir and sand flies as vectors.
  • Clinical manifestations include fever, pallor, splenomegaly, anemia, and leukoneutropenia.
  • Diagnosis relies on serologic tests and parasite detection (gold standard), with PCR for monitoring treatment efficacy.
  • Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) is the recommended treatment.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of Leishmania infantum transmission and disease burden in Mediterranean regions.
  • Informs public health strategies for canine and human leishmaniasis control.
  • Supports clinical management through updated diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.