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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

[How to define Alzheimer's disease].

Michel Poncet1

  • 1CHU de Marseille, hôpital de La Timone Adultes, service de neurologie, 13005 Marseille. michel.poncet@ap-hm.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|November 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease is increasingly common in older adults. The abstract suggests using "Alzheimer syndrome" when vascular issues are present, as these are treatable, unlike Alzheimer's lesions.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence has increased, particularly in older populations.
  • The role of vascular lesions in dementia is increasingly recognized.
  • Current understanding of AD etiology remains incomplete, except for rare hereditary forms.

Purpose:

  • To review the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease.
  • To highlight the impact of vascular factors on dementia diagnosis and management.
  • To discuss the implications of differentiating vascular dementia from AD.

Summary:

  • The abstract proposes reconsidering the term "Alzheimer's disease" and potentially using "Alzheimer syndrome" when vascular lesions are present, as vascular conditions are treatable.

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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

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Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

  • Distinguishing between AD and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Despite advances in understanding AD's pathology, its exact cause and cures remain elusive.

    • Impact:

    • This distinction can lead to improved patient management strategies by addressing preventable vascular factors.
    • It encourages further research into the complex interplay between vascular health and neurodegenerative diseases.
    • The findings may influence future diagnostic criteria and clinical guidelines for dementias.