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Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation
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Published on: January 26, 2016

Macrocyclic lactones for parasite control in equids.

E T Lyons1, S C Tolliver

  • 1Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA. elyons1@uky.edu

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|November 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Macrocyclic lactones like ivermectin and moxidectin are vital for controlling horse parasites. Recent findings indicate reduced efficacy of these widely used drugs against certain internal parasites.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are crucial antiparasitic agents in animal health, effective against both arthropods and nematodes.
  • Ivermectin, the first widely used avermectin, was introduced for horses in 1983 but faced formulation changes due to adverse events.
  • Moxidectin, another ML, became available in 1997, offering similar but distinct parasiticidal activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and application of macrocyclic lactones in equine parasite control.
  • To highlight the spectrum of activity and historical context of ivermectin and moxidectin.
  • To address recent observations of diminished efficacy for these key parasiticides.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of macrocyclic lactone usage in horses.
  • Analysis of historical and recent efficacy data for ivermectin and moxidectin.
  • Comparison of parasiticidal activity against various equine internal and external parasites.

Main Results:

  • Ivermectin is effective against bots, ascarids, strongyles, pinworms, and other internal parasites.
  • Moxidectin shows comparable efficacy to ivermectin, with notable differences in activity against bots and encysted small strongyles.
  • Recent studies report decreased efficacy of both ivermectin and moxidectin against ascarids and small strongyles.

Conclusions:

  • Macrocyclic lactones remain important for equine parasite management.
  • The emergence of reduced efficacy necessitates ongoing monitoring and potential strategy adjustments.
  • Further research into resistance mechanisms and alternative treatments is warranted.