Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO₂

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...

Inhalation Anthrax

Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO₂ Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO₂ Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Do Children Who Were Preschool Picky Eaters Eat Different Foods at School Lunch When Aged 13 Years Than Their Non-Picky Peers?

Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association·2025

Same author

Neutron imaging of the deuterium-tritium tamping gas volume in an inertial confinement fusion hohlraum.

The Review of scientific instruments·2024

Same author

First Direct Detection Constraints on Planck-Scale Mass Dark Matter with Multiple-Scatter Signatures Using the DEAP-3600 Detector.

Physical review letters·2022

Same author

Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2021

Same author

Enhancements in laser-generated hot-electron production via focusing cone targets at short pulse and high contrast.

Physical review. E·2021

Same author

Production of relativistic electrons at subrelativistic laser intensities.

Physical review. E·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

Nitrate poisoning in cattle.

A Malestein¹, J H Geurink, G Schuyt

¹a Vakgroep Zoötechniek, Veterinary Faculty , State University Utrecht , Yalelaan 17.

The Veterinary Quarterly

|November 2, 2011

Summary

Nitrite administration during parturition significantly reduces maternal blood oxygen transport and oxygen transfer to the fetus. This can lead to reduced fetal oxygen supply, potentially causing intrauterine death or abortion in pregnant cows.

More Related Videos

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Published on: November 24, 2017

A Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Failure with a Continuous Infusion of Oleic Acid

A Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Failure with a Continuous Infusion of Oleic Acid

Published on: March 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Published on: November 24, 2017

A Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Failure with a Continuous Infusion of Oleic Acid

A Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Failure with a Continuous Infusion of Oleic Acid

Published on: March 8, 2024

Area of Science:

Veterinary Physiology
Perinatal Medicine
Toxicology

Background:

Nitrite (NO2) administration during parturition can affect maternal and fetal blood oxygen transport.
Understanding these effects is crucial for managing pregnancy complications in livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of nitrite administration on maternal blood oxygen transport and fetal oxygen transfer during parturition.
To assess the relationship between nitrite levels, methaemoglobin formation, and oxygen saturation.

Main Methods:

Administered nitrite (KNO2) intravenously or orally to pregnant cows during parturition.
Analyzed maternal and fetal blood parameters including methaemoglobin (MHb) percentage, pO2, O2-saturation, pH, pCO2, and nitrite (NO2) levels.
Monitored maternal blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate.

Main Results:

Nitrite administration led to significantly higher MHb percentages and NO2 content in maternal blood compared to fetal blood.
Relative O2-saturation decreased concurrently with increased MHb levels.
Maternal blood pressure dropped, while heart rate and respiration increased.
Umbilical vein O2-saturation was markedly lower in nitrite-treated animals.

Conclusions:

Nitrite treatment adversely affects oxygen supply to the fetus in pregnant cows, primarily due to reduced placental oxygen transfer.
Significant decreases in oxygen transfer can result in intrauterine fetal death and abortion.
Methaemoglobin formation in fetal blood plays a minimal role in the observed oxygen transport impairment.