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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement

Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement

Published on: September 13, 2022

An improved model for teaching use of electronic apex locators.

J P Tchorz¹, E Hellwig, M J Altenburger

¹Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. joerg.tchorz@uniklinikfreiburg.de

International Endodontic Journal

|November 2, 2011

Summary

A new, inexpensive model allows for practical use of electronic apex locators (EALs) in dental education. This simulation enables accurate working length determination in endodontic training, with results verifiable by radiography.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement

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Dynamic Navigation in Endodontics: Guided Access Cavity Preparation by Means of a Miniaturized Navigation System

Dynamic Navigation in Endodontics: Guided Access Cavity Preparation by Means of a Miniaturized Navigation System

Published on: May 5, 2022

Area of Science:

Endodontics
Dental Education
Biomaterials

Background:

Electronic apex locators (EALs) are crucial for accurate root canal length determination.
Pre-clinical and continuing education require practical simulation tools for EAL training.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, practical, and inexpensive model for using EALs in dental education.
To create a simulation that mimics clinical endodontic scenarios for training purposes.

Main Methods:

Extracted teeth were embedded in acrylic resin, creating a cavity around the root apices.
A closable plastic tube and steel wire were incorporated to connect to the EAL.
The model features a semi-closed reservoir for conductive fluids around the root apices.

Main Results:

The developed model successfully enables working length measurements of root canals using EALs.
The simulation allows for the verification of EAL measurements through radiography.
Root visibility is obscured, facilitating precise evaluation and grading of endodontic treatment.

Conclusions:

The model effectively simulates clinical conditions for endodontic teaching.
It provides a practical platform for learning and practicing working length determination with EALs.
The design supports objective assessment of endodontic treatment skills.