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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...

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miRNA deregulation in multiple myeloma.

Chong Lei Bi1, Wee Joo Chng

  • 1Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Chinese Medical Journal
|November 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators implicated in multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable blood cancer. Understanding their aberrant expression and function offers new avenues for MM management and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent, incurable hematological cancer driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA gene regulators, are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer development.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is a hallmark of MM, suggesting their involvement in disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current scientific literature on the role of miRNAs in multiple myeloma.
  • To summarize the functional significance of miRNAs in MM pathogenesis.
  • To provide perspectives on future research and clinical applications of miRNAs in MM management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on miRNAs and multiple myeloma.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA expression profiles in MM.
  • Analysis of the functional roles of miRNAs in MM.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • Abnormal miRNA expression patterns are consistently observed in multiple myeloma patients.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the functional importance of miRNAs in MM development and progression.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a promising therapeutic strategy for MM.
  • Further research into miRNA function and regulation is crucial for advancing MM treatment.