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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

Spread spectrum magnetic resonance imaging.

Gilles Puy1, Jose P Marques, Rolf Gruetter

  • 1Institute of Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. gilles.puy@epfl.ch

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
|November 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We introduce spread spectrum MRI (s(2)MRI), a new compressed sensing method that accelerates MRI scans. This technique enhances imaging speed and quality by using chirp premodulation and sparsity-promoting reconstruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Signal Processing
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) acquisition is often time-consuming.
  • Accelerating MRI scans is crucial for improving patient comfort and reducing motion artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a novel compressed sensing technique for accelerating MRI acquisition.
  • To introduce spread spectrum MRI (s(2)MRI) as an advanced method for faster MRI scans.

Main Methods:

  • Developed s(2)MRI, involving signal premodulation with a linear chirp before random k-space under-sampling.
  • Employed nonlinear reconstruction algorithms that promote signal sparsity.
  • Validated the technique through numerical simulations, phantom studies, and in vivo experiments on a 7T scanner.

Main Results:

  • Theoretically optimized coherence between sparsity and sensing bases for improved reconstruction.
  • s(2)MRI demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional variable density k-space under-sampling methods.
  • Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of s(2)MRI in accelerating MRI acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • s(2)MRI offers a promising approach to significantly accelerate MRI acquisition.
  • The technique provides a viable alternative to existing under-sampling methods, enhancing imaging efficiency.
  • Further research may explore broader applications of s(2)MRI in various clinical settings.