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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats
13:26

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

The role for decorin in delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Daniela G Seidler1, Negia A Mohamed, Carla Bocian

  • 1Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, D-48149 Münster, Germany. dgseidle@uni-muenster.de

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|November 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decorin deficiency reduces contact allergy by impairing leukocyte adhesion and transmigration. This proteoglycan influences immune responses through direct effects on leukocytes and regulation of adhesion molecules like syndecan-1 and ICAM-1.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats
13:26

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats
22:06

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats

Published on: October 1, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan involved in extracellular matrix organization and cell signaling.
  • Decorin's potential role in modulating immune responses, particularly in contact allergy, was previously unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of decorin in a mouse model of contact allergy (oxazolone-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity [DTH]).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which decorin influences leukocyte behavior and immune cell infiltration during DTH.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of DTH responses in decorin-deficient (Dcn(-/-)) and wild-type mice.
  • Assessment of ear swelling, leukocyte infiltration, and glucose metabolism (using PET scans).
  • Intravital microscopy, flow chamber assays, and static adhesion assays to evaluate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • Dcn(-/-) mice exhibited reduced ear swelling and leukocyte infiltration during DTH.
  • Increased adhesion and reduced transmigration of leukocytes from Dcn(-/-) mice were observed.
  • Overexpression of syndecan-1 and ICAM-1 in inflamed ears of Dcn(-/-) mice, alongside reduced TNF-α, suggested altered inflammatory signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Decorin plays a significant role in mediating DTH responses by regulating polymorphonuclear leukocyte attachment to the endothelium.
  • Decorin exerts anti-adhesive effects on leukocytes and negatively regulates ICAM-1 and syndecan-1 expression.
  • Absence of syndecan-1 in decorin-deficient mice rescued the attenuated DTH phenotype, highlighting its critical role in decorin's function.