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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
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A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

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Malignancy and Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Luigi Mancuso1, Andrea Mancuso, Francesca Scordato

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Ospedale V. Cervello, Palermo, Italy. mancandrea@libero.it.

Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets
|November 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Thoracic radiotherapy (TR) can cause serious, long-term heart and blood vessel complications. Early recognition and risk assessment are crucial for managing these late-emerging adverse effects in cancer patients.

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A Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Model in Adult Zebrafish
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Mediastinal radiotherapy is used for various cancers, including lung, breast, esophageal, lymphoma, and thymoma.
  • Late cardiac and vascular adverse effects following thoracic radiotherapy (TR) are often underrecognized due to long latency periods.
  • Evaluating the cumulative incidence of these complications is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features of radiation-induced cardiac and vascular diseases.
  • To discuss the mechanisms and risk-reduction strategies for stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) after TR.
  • To explore emerging radiation-induced damages and the impact of new TR modalities on cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on thoracic radiotherapy and cardiovascular complications.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and pathological involvement of cardiac and vascular structures.
  • Discussion of current knowledge on new TR techniques and risk-benefit evaluations.

Main Results:

  • TR can affect the pericardium, myocardium, valves, conduction system, and major arteries.
  • An increased risk of strokes and TIAs has been observed post-TR.
  • Malfunctions of pacemakers, defibrillators, coronary bypasses, and stents are emerging concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation-induced cardiovascular complications require long-term monitoring.
  • Understanding and mitigating risks associated with TR are essential for patient care.
  • Careful risk-benefit assessment is necessary when considering TR for mediastinal conditions.