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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

Inflammatory biomarkers in severe asthma.

¹National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK. f.chung@imperial.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

|November 3, 2011

Summary

Severe asthma is a complex condition requiring better understanding and therapies. Research focuses on risk factors, disease types, inflammation, and corticosteroid resistance, highlighting the need for biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Immunology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Severe asthma is inadequately controlled by standard therapies, particularly corticosteroids.
It presents as a heterogeneous condition with varying phenotypes.
Poor response to corticosteroids and risk of exacerbations are key concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore risk factors and phenotyping in severe asthma.
To characterize inflammatory responses and corticosteroid resistance.
To emphasize the importance of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

Phenotyping severe asthma using cluster analysis based on clinical data.
Utilizing sputum eosinophil counts to identify inflammatory profiles.
Exploring -omic approaches and systems biology for biomarker discovery.

Main Results:

Severe asthma is defined by inadequate response to medications, leading to loss of control.
Cluster analyses identified distinct phenotypes based on age, sex, lung function, and atopy.
Sputum eosinophil counts differentiated between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Single biomarkers aid in phenotyping and predicting treatment response.
Further research into multi-biomarker and -omic approaches is crucial.
A systems biology approach is essential for stratifying severe asthma and tailoring therapies.